A stepper motor is a special type of motor that works on the principles of electromagnetism and electromechanics. It is mainly composed of an electromagnet and a rotor.
The stepper motor's rotor consists of a set of magnetic pole pairs, usually a permanent magnet or a combination of magnetic materials, while the electromagnet consists of a set of coils, each of which is connected to the motor drive circuit.
When current flows through the coils of the motor drive circuit, the magnetic field generated in the coils interacts with the magnetic field on the rotor. This interaction causes a torque to act on the rotor, causing it to rotate to a new position.
The drive circuit of the stepper motor controls the rotor position by controlling the current in the coils. Usually, the drive circuit activates the coils in a specific order, causing the rotor to rotate at a certain step angle.
The step angle of a stepper motor depends on its structure and drive method. Some stepper motors work on the principle of full stepping, that is, each step angle is a full step angle. Other stepper motors work on the principle of half stepping, each step angle is half of a full step angle.
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